However, teff has also been grown successfully in south dakota, nevada, oregon, washington, kentucky, and the mid atlantic region. Productivity and efficiency of smallholder teff farmers in. The cultivated area for teff and other cereal crops has increased proportionally over time. In ethiopia and eritrea, teff is the most common cereal crop used to make engera. Production in ethiopia teff, eragrostistef is the main ethiopian cereal crop annually grown on 2. Sources of growth of teff production in ethiopia change in production area effect yield effect interaction effect 30,7,333 6634849 17004605 6494180 table 3. Teff accounts for the largest share of cereal area under cultivation. There are also potential teff producing zones in amhara north gonder, north shewa and west gojjam zones. Compared to other cereals, teff is considered a lower risk crop as it can withstand adverse weather conditions fufa et al. Ground into flour, teff is used to make the traditional bread, injera. Ethiopia needs to improve production of its golden crop. Policy research institute, addis ababa james thurlow is a.
Agriculture in ethiopia is the foundation of the countrys economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product gdp, 83. Productivity and efficiency of smallholder teff farmers in ethiopia. Distribution of the crop around the world was initially based on its use as a food grain. In 2006, the government outlawed international sales of the grain for fear of. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for teff in ethiopia fao. Teff production manual for ethiopia teff production manual for ethiopia effects of climate change on teff production in ethiopia change on teff production in ethiopia. Sobel, chair i will examine the transformation of the ethiopian staple of teff into the global economy as a highly sought after commodity. The teff thresher guide and a repair kit will also be and healthier grain. The study is based on secondary data of teff production, area and yield. Currently, ethiopia is the largest teff producing country, and the only country to have adopted teff as a staple crop. Faostat interpretation and opportunities ethiopia produces more teff than anywhere else in the world, and its.
The findings lead to a number of policy implications. Teff production in ethiopia teff is one of the most important and dominant staple cereal crops in ethiopia. By mackenzie knowling july 7, 2015 agriculture no comments. It is an ancient grain from ethiopia and eritrea, and comprises the staple grain of their cuisines. Smallholder teff productivity and efficiency agecon search. Ethiopia needs to improve production of its golden crop teff. One promising improvement is to increase production of teff, the calorie and nutrientrich but lowyielding staple. Teff is among a major cereal crop produced in benishangulgumuz region for consumption and market. Teff is major cereal crop used for human consumption in ethiopia. Crymes master of arts in international affairs washington university in st. Smallholders technical efficiency of teff production in. Review on economics of teff in ethiopia crimson publishers. According to the csa 23, teff accounts for the largest share of the cultivated area 27. The preferred staple in the ethiopian and eritrean diet is engerainjera pronounced enjera, and sometimes spelled injera, a flat sourlike fermented pancake that is used with wot, a stew made with spices, meats and pulses, such as lentils, beans and split peas.
To increase teff production and productivity different technologies have been introduced by different stakeholders along the teff value chain. Teff eragrostis tef supports more than 6075% of ethiopias population as staple and costaple food. There are considerable variations in the productivity of plots growing teff across ethiopia. The impact of climate change on teff farming was estimated taking into account farm households characteristics, socioeconomic, climate, adaptations, production factors and agroecological settings in a lowincome developing country. Determinants of smallholder teff producer farmers market. Traditional knowledge on teff eragrostistef farming practice and. The major drivers for productivity differences appear to be the levels of input use, the management practices employed, the age of the operator, the ease of access to markets, and the level of engagement in extension efforts. In ethiopia, teff is the most important commodity for both production and consumption.
A new alternative don miller1 abstract teff is fast becoming a new warm season annual grass alternative for forage producers across the u. Traditional knowledge on teff eragrostistef farming. It is adapted to droughtstress as well as waterlogged soil conditions. Cereal crops grown on 71% of the total area cultivated and about 61% of total agricultural production shared 15. Tef eragrostis tef is a significant crop in only one country in the world ethiopia.
Table 1 shows the total area, yield and production of the main crops cultivated for. Eragrostis tef production constraints on vertisols in. Analysis of price incentives for teff in ethiopia for the. Part of it teff improved varieties like quncho and tsedey. Therefore, identifying constraints and opportunities of teff commercialization in guduru district was the main objective the study. The economywide effects of teff, wheat, and maize production. Integrated soil fertility management for sustainable teff.
Teff eragrostis tef production constraints on vertisols in ethiopia. Merhabete district, amhara region, ethiopia estimated that annual teff production is increasing by 11%. The research activity was carried out with the objective of evaluating and identifying adaptable and improved teff varieties and to familiarize farmers and agropastoralists with teff production techniques. Five major cereals teff, wheat, maize, sorghum, and barley are the core of ethiopia s agriculture and food economy, accounting for about threequarters of total area. Teff is indigenous to ethiopia and is a fundamental part of the culture, tradition and food security its people. Ethiopia and eritrea are the only producers of teff in the world. Pdf factors affecting teff production by female headed. These cereal and pulse crops are the local staples for consumption, and also may be readily sold at market. In 2015, the nuru ethiopia agriculture program is working with farmers for the production of maize, beans, wheat and teff.
Pdf the present study is related to the trends, growth and instability of area, production and productivity of teff in ethiopia. Instability in area, production and yield of teff in ethiopia mean standard deviation cv i area 0. Ricardian model was used to analyze data obtained from teff. Teff is the main niche cereal cultivated in ethiopia and eritrea source.
Low applications of inorganic fertilizer and decline in soil organic matter often contribute to loss of production in subsaharan africa. It is believed that 6% of this production growth contribute to increased productivity while the rest was attributed to expansion in area cultivated for teff 7. This study analyzes the perceptions, impacts, and rewards of farmers who adopted row planting for the production of teff as a result of being exposed to a technology promotion campaign for row planting of teff in the oromia region of ethiopia. The national production and productivity of teff in 201617 production. Teff is grown at middle elevations between 1,800 and 2,200 meters above sea level and in regions that have adequate rainfall. There, however, its production exceeds that of most other cereals. In a country of nearly 90 million people, approximately 6 million households grow teff. Assessing the effects of climate a lowcost, humanpowered teff thresher bringing poverty in ethiopia. Methodology the data used for the study are drawn from the ethiopian socioeconomic survey ess, collected in. Teff is grown predominantly as a cereal crop in ethiopia. Determinants of the productivity of teff in ethiopia. Planting maize, beans, wheat and teff in ethiopia nuru. More than six million households livelihoods primarily depend on the production of teff 24. The impact of climate change on teff production in.
Trends, growth and instability of teff production in ethiopia. Ethiopian development research institute teff production and market access in ethiopia mekamu kedir, emily schmidt, helina tilahun ifpri esspii edri improved evidence towards better policies for the teff value chain october 10, 20 addis ababa 1 2. Teff is a cool weather crop grown predominantly in the ethiopian highlands at optimum altitude range of 1800 to 2200 meters. Grain can also be used to brew alcoholic beverages or grown as a.
Adoption and perception of farmers towards attributes of. Teff diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Teff is a very important crop in ethiopia, both in terms of production and consumption. East gojjam is the leading zone in teff production constituting more than 10% of the national annual teff production. Determinants of market participation and intensity of. Production of niche cereals in ethiopia and eritrea, in million tonnes note. The national total production of teff for the same season was 3,483,488tons, with national mean teff yield of 1.
Agriculture in ethiopia is dominated by smallholder farming. The country needs to upgrade its harvesting to reap the rewards. Exploring ethiopias biggest cash crop examines key aspects of teff production, marketing, and consumption, with a focus. Ethiopian farmers grow this crop for a number of merits, which is mainly. Cbi market intelligence product factsheet teff in europe 5 production figure 6. Ermias engida is a research officer in the ethiopia strategy support program of the international food. Current status of teff production and value chain article pdf available in the open agriculture journal 121. Pdf trends, growth and instability of teff production in ethiopia. Integrated soil fertility management for sustainable teff eragrostistef production in halaba, southern ethiopia mulugeta habte werede1, jo u.
The crop has both its origin and diversity in ethiopia and plays a vital role in the countrys overall food security. Teff accounted for about 11 percent of the per capita calorie intake in 200107. Teff is a fine grainabout the size of a poppy seedthat comes in a variety of colors, from white and red to dark brown. Originating in africa, its introduction into the u. Farming practice in teff production and their effective. Commercialization of smallholder teff producers in. Teff s origin is thought to be ethiopia, where it emerged as a grain crop for human consumption sometime between 4000 b. Resurgence of an ancient ethiopian grain by annette r. The present study is related to the trends, growth and instability of area, production and productivity of teff in ethiopia. Teff could be the next quinoa as ethiopia boosts exports. Response of teff eragrostis tef to different rates of.
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